Regeneration/Recovery is a very desired, wanted and needed outcome. What many fail to understand is that regeneration is, actually, a process: a very precise and complex process that cannot be by-passed. The result is, therefore, a regenerated body, obtained as a natural outcome of going through the actual regeneration process.

What we fail to understand is that the key of this process lies in the basic functions of the body. Communication and information exchange is the root of every system. L-Methionine’s optimize this function so we learn once more: Less is more. 

Regeneration involves discipline, knowledge, specific practices and specific tools. And knowing what and when to do or not to do is game-changing. Many nutrients are crucial in this regeneration process and some of them are recommended in supplement form, especially when they are not found in the right amount in the food we eat.

One of the most important nutrients for regeneration is the essential amino acid L-Methionine.

1. Quick OVERVIEW

If you are looking for simple answers, you can skip the science and jump to the end. However, if you do want to learn how your body really works, enjoy the whole article! 

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L-METIONINE – THE AMINO ACID RESPONSIBLE FOR: CELL COMMMUNICATION; REGENERATION, RECOVERY, INFLAMATION AND PAIN MANAGEMENT; DNA REPAIR; ADVANCED PROTEIN SYNTESIS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; BRAIN HEALTH AND MOOD ENHANCEMENT; HAIR, NAILS AND SKIN HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND LIPID OPTIMISATION; ANTIOXIDATION AND GLUTATHIONE SYNTESIS…and so much more. …now let’s dive into the details and science

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When it comes to regeneration, L-Methionine is the essential amino acid responsible for a few very specific processes in the human body and helps repair the cells and tissues at DNA level. 

L-Methionine is a sulfur-containing essential amino acid, known for its role in protein synthesis, but it also has some unique properties like:

• advanced protein synthesis and growth
• methylation properties
• involved in essential feedback mechanisms for muscarinic receptors (COMMUNICATION)
• antioxidant activity
• reacting oxygen species scavenging
• metal chelation
• regeneration of other antioxidants
• it is required for normal growth and development
• it prevents build-up of bad cholesterol

As all the essential amino acids (EAAs) are indispensable to life and must be taken through diet and/or supplementation, we invite you to view EAAs as basic nutrients, not just as supplements. L-Methionine is one of them.

L-Methionine is the most important amino acid related to protein synthesis, growth and normal development. It is essential in the anabolic phase of the metabolism (the building phase), but also in catabolic phase, playing an essential adaptogenic role in the body.

Many of L-Methionine’s effects and benefits are attributed to its metabolites, the most popular of all being S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), known in the supplements market as SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet. SAMe is also considered to be the “activated” form of L-Methionine^[1].

However, few know the real key role of L-Methionine in the body: through stimulating the activity and synthesis of muscarinic receptors, L-Methionine represents key element for a feedback loop that is essential for the body to know WHAT to regenerate. This way, the body doesn’t waste its resources by regenerating chaotically, but it knows precisely what proteins to synthesize and what to repair with priority. 

All scientists agreed that the body is far more intelligent than we know. Well… this feedback mechanisms is one of many which reflects the body’s unmatched intelligence. We will develop this idea later in the article.

Methionine is also a precursor for Cysteine, Taurine, Lecithin, Phosphatidylcholine and Glutathione – the master molecule of all antioxidants, therefore being responsible for proper functioning of many biological pathways. We all know the importance of having glutathione levels restored in our body: once the antioxidant balanced is restored, the body starts to produce energy much more effectively instead of consuming it.

It is recommended that L-Methionine to be taken with Vitamin B12, preferably in a methylated form. The methylated formof Vitamin B12 is: Methylcobalamin. Normal levels of Vitamin B12 will assure the down regulation of cysteine and homocysteine to methionine. 

This is the active, coenzyme form of B12 that contains a methyl group (-CH₃) attached to the cobalt center of the cobalamin molecule. It plays a crucial role in the methylation cycle, particularly:

• Conversion of homocysteine to methionine (via methionine synthase)
• Supporting DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter production, and detoxification

L-Methionine is mostly used in imbalances like depression and anxiety, stress induced toxicity, graying hair and loss^[2], and must be administered with care, under a health specialists supervision. 

Although L-Methionine it is considered safe for consumption as a natural supplement by EFSA (European Food Safety Administration), too much L-Methionine can become toxic if not taken properly and in absence of certain vitamins like VitaminB12 (Please check your doctor if you are Vitamin B12 deficient or if you suffer from MTHFT genetic syndrome; In case you are MTHFR deficient (see Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency), make sure you take Vitamin B12 in a methylated form). 

If you want to learn more about how L-Methionine works inside your body, please take your time and enjoy reading the full article! 

2. Essential Amino Acids and L-Methionine in HEALTH & REGENERATION

L-Methionine is the most important amino acid when it comes to regenesis and regeneration. All of the 9 EAAs are and they cannot properly help unless they work together in a proper ratio. Before sharing the details with you, let’s have a short recap:

2.1.               Essential Amino Acids & Our Products – short RECAP

Amino acids are the building blocks of life^[3] – they are indispensable to life – the ones the body uses to build up proteins, hormones, neurotransmitters and all that is necessary. 

In the evolutionary process, has lost the genetic ability to synthetize. Therefore, they need to be supplemented from an outside source.

There are 20 amino acids in nature, of which 9 are essential amino acids (they must be supplemented from food, as the human body cannot synthesize them): L-Leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-methionine, L-Methionine, L-threonine, L-histidine.

Amino acids and enzymes are the key supplements that underlie the optimal functioning of protein metabolism. The reality is that we are all deficient in amino acids. For the curious people, there are test panels for amino acid deficiencies[3].

Amino acids are used for protein synthesis. Proteins are really the molecules that keep our body alive and running. Life would not exist without proteins. And life thrives when we have the right proteins. 

Most people believe that it is proteins that we need to take out from our diet. I love to break it to you: it’s not proteins, it’s an amino-acids that we need.  

Read more about essential amino acids benefits by accessing our main article:

Building blocks of life and nutrition – What are essential amino acids?

The quest for the perfect formula led to the best EAAs of all times:

“IT IS NOT PROTEIN THAT WE NEED, IT IS AMINO ACIDS: 

ESSENTIAL, BIO-AVAILABLE, ORTHOMOLECULAR (LEFT-FOLDED)”

If you are looking to optimize your muscle – the organ of longevity – please read our article L-Leucine – the best key to muscle recovery, health and longevity in 2023.

If you are into beauty, check out the benefits of L-Lysine – the best and only key to collagen and healthy body in 2023.

If you need to improve your sleep and balance your mood, read how to Boost your brain and optimize neurotransmitters with L-Tryptophan – Outstanding 100% plant based nootropic. 

And last, but not least, if you are looking for a quick, natural and brilliant way to lose and keep off some extra kilos and overcome leptin resistance, learn about a master product: Thot Leptin RX – The Eloquent Solution to Losing Weight in 2024 (World Premiere Formula).

2.2        L-Methionine – The Most Important Essential Amino Acid for REGENERATION

Known for its repairing effects, L-Methionine is essential for healthy development, recovery and beauty. The main benefits of L-Methionine are as it follows:

• Anti-aging and regeneration
• Healthy development
• Faster recovery
• Improved mood 
• Neuroprotection
• Healthy immune system
• Reduced oxidative stress   
• Health of hair, nails and skin
• Improved joint health

These pathways all contribute to a healthy and beautiful body, but also to a healthy brain and a beautiful mind. We will now break down these mechanisms for you to better understand how exactly can L-Methionine significantly improve your healthy brain and body development and regeneration.

However, improper use of L-Methionine has its downsides. Make sure you work with a professional in order to avoid the unwanted effects of L-Methionine misuse, which will be lightly approached and summarized later in the article.

Thank you for reading so far! Continue & enjoy your learning journey to find out more! 

• L-Methionine cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet. 
• In general, it is best to consume EAAs in a balanced and varied diet. However, for individuals who may not be able to consume and/or extract enough EAAs through diet alone, supplementation is key. Please consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation regimen.
• There are various L-Methionine rich foods. However, as you may have already read in our main article, the human body generally has trouble digesting, extracting, absorbing, folding and using essential amino acids, including L-Methionine. This comes with aging and appears due to the lack of enzymes – The already “famous” enzymes-amino acids vicious cycle.
• L-Methionine is naturally present in the following foods like:
  • Eggs
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Sesame seeds
  • Brazil nuts
  • Other:  maize, rice, wheat, potato, soybeans, lettuce, bean, tomato, apples, oranges, veal, milk, cheese

Most fruits and vegetables contain very little L-Methionine. Most legumes, though protein dense, are low in methionine. Proteins without adequate methionine are not considered to be complete proteins.

Many plant-based proteins, like those in soybeans and legumes, have low levels of L-methionine. This issue is made worse by food processing and storage, where L-methionine can undergo changes such as oxidation or degradation, reducing its quality and sometimes causing unwanted flavors. Additionally, the methionine in these plant proteins can be hard for the body to use effectively due to poor digestibility^[4].

If you choose food as a source for your EAAs, please make sure that they are very high quality and organic sources, that you have improved and balanced your microbiome and that you have optimized your digestion, absorption and metabolic pathways.

For those of you who do not yet have an efficient way to extract amino acids OR for those who simply understand that high performance requires more nutrients that you can extract from food…

We bring to you Thot L-Methionine – the best methionine in the world!

3.   L-Methionine’s FUNCTIONS in the Human Body

3.2.1  L-Methionine helps in PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Protein synthesis is a vital process that involves the creation of new proteins from amino acids. L-Methionine helps protein synthesis by being a starting amino acid in the production of proteins. 

Now, things get a little hazy related to the role of L-Methionine in anti-aging and longevity. But, since we love to bust nutritional myths, I will decode & debug what is known and deliver to you a more comprehensive understanding about L-Methionine and its importance in longevity. 

Some studies showed that L-Methionine might be responsible with a decrease in the longevity^[5]. This statement is based on the fact that L-Methionine is shown to activate the mTORC1 pathway. We know that autophagy is good for longevity.

mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism, and it senses nutrient availability, energy levels, and growth signals. When activated, mTORC1 promotes anabolic processes such as protein synthesis and inhibits catabolic processes, including autophagy.

Based on this type of discoveries, some conclusions say that L-Methionine restriction improves longevity (since less L-Methionine is obviously beneficial for autophagy). However, as always, we challenge you to see the big picture: everything is cyclical. There is no other way. It is day and night, awake and asleep, effort and rest, eating and fasting, in and out,  on and off. You get the point… 

Well, it is the same when we talk about metabolic processes: there is an anabolic phase (building phase) and there is a catabolic phase (autophagy phase). Longevity and regeneration need both metabolic processes in order for it to happen. It is not L-Methionine’s fault that most humans are overeating and a lot of disease come together with this bad habit. In these cases, autophagy might be more needed than anabolic processes (for a while!), but in healthy individuals and when getting back to a balanced lifestyle, the anabolic phase is just as important as autophagy. 

Therefore, when the body needs to be in an anabolic phase in order to synthesize new cells, tissues and molecules, L-Methionine is a key element. The secret is to use it smartly and in a balanced way.

There haven’t been much studies done in humans (yet!) to measure the actual growth experienced after supplementing with L-Methionine. The information we have is mostly based on the studied mechanisms at a molecular level. However, in fish, methionine levels enhanced muscle growth by regulating nutrient deposition, muscle fiber development (myogenesis), type I collagen production, and related signaling molecules^[6].

All of these functions and especially the property of being most of the time the starting amino acid, make L-Methionine vital for multiple body systems and processes.

3.2.2  L-Methionine regulates GENE EXPRESION

The regulation of gene expression is a complex process involving multiple factors, including transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and various signaling pathways. 

While other amino acids do not usually have a direct role in the control of gene expression at the molecular level, in the genetic code, the methionine codon is the most common “start” codon – the one responsible for signaling protein synthesis initiation.

Protein synthesis needs several steps. At first, the genetic information stored in the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), a process called transcription. Then, the mRNA carries the instructions to the ribosomes, a process called translation. 

In the ribosomes, the initiation of protein synthesis starts with methionine as the first amino acid. This positions it as essential for forming polypeptide chains that later fold into functional proteins.

L-Methionine helps synthesize various structural and functional proteins like enzymes, hormones, structural proteins, transport proteins, cell receptors, immunity-related proteins, muscle proteins, repair proteins etc. 

3.2.3  L-Methionine improves COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS essential in regeneration pathways

Communication between different areas of the body is crucial for the body to work well. Communication is even more important when we talk about the fine art of regeneration. Why is that? Well, because before talking and investing in regeneration processes, it is pretty obvious that a basic level of communication in the body is necessary. 

Communication is the key. Communication management is crucial in every system, especially in biological systems. 

Only then, when the basics are covered and the foundation is solid, we can move into refining the communication with very powerful, effective and specific instruments, like L-Methionine.

Now… how does this work, precisely? 

Let’s recapitulate some of the basic principles. One important element is that of input-output balance. On the input side, the body needs energy material and boosting factors. On the output side, the body needs detox processes and… FUNCTIONAL FEEDBACK LOOPS, which, most of the time are not even considered!

Why is that? Well, if the body executes a biological program, there is a result, right? That result, whatever it is: a new protein, a waste product, an instruction… the body has to know if it is good or bad for it and it needs to know what to do with it, isn’t it so?

Yes, it is! Otherwise, which is the case in most diseases, dysfunctional proteins and toxic waste build up into our bodies and interrupt the proper functioning of biological pathways… OR the body starts to chaotically synthesize new proteins in order to regenerate, but not the right ones! So a feedback mechanism is absolutely needed.

This is THE ONLY WAY for the body to KNOW WHAT to REPAIR!

In this feedback mechanism, L-Methionine is not doing the job “personally”, but the job cannot be done without it. L-Methionine is involved in facilitating the information transfer from the body to the receptors in the brain. 

L-Methionine, through SAM-e, promotes the synthesis of muscarinic receptors in the brain. These are Acetylcholine (Ach) receptors and are part of the G-protein coupled receptors family, the ones responsible with intercellular communication. The Sulphur present in L-Methionine’s structure might be the one responsible for this.

One study on mice showed that by receiving SAM-e, the muscarinic receptors levels was restored at the levels found in young specimens^[7]. Therefore, L-Methionine is an important co-factor in muscarinic receptors activity.

With improved feedback, it is very obvious that all the metabolic pathways are now running better and at a higher speed. Higher speed means higher regenerations rate. 

And now we give you a very important key in regeneration and longevity: most of the people involved in anti-aging industry are trying to fight aging and those who accepted the process are now oriented towards a “well-aging” concept. No one is better than the other. 

The key is actually in accelerating the regeneration processes, not in slowing down the metabolic processes. In other words, you cannot really prevent aging, but you can regenerate faster. Look at kids how fast their bodies recover! Why? Because they have an accelerated metabolism. 

And this accelerated regeneration rate depends on optimized pathways and flawless communication.

3.2.4  L-Methionine offers powerful ANTIOXIDANT SUPPORT & DETOX

L-Methionine is a precursor to L-Cysteine, another amino acid crucial for glutathione synthesis. By maintaining cysteine levels, L-Methionine ensures a consistent supply of raw materials for antioxidant production, especially giving the fact that L-Cysteine is known as the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis.

L-Methionine is, therefore, a precursor to glutathione, one of the body’s most powerful antioxidants. Glutathione neutralizes free radicals and prevents cellular damage. 

This process is particularly important for liver health, as glutathione plays a significant role in detoxification and protecting cells from the impact of toxins, mostly present in filtering organs like liver, kidneys and lungs. 

Apart from glutathione formation, L-Methionine donates Sulphur to many molecules and enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, so glutathione is not the only one involved, but it is the most powerful and famous. 

L-Methionine is also used to produce S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), which contributes to the repair and protection of cells from oxidative damage through various methylation reactions – we will approach this part separately in the next part.

One study demonstrates that L-Methionine protects against oxidative stress and restores mitochondrial activity in Parkinson’s Disease cells, thus showing a neuroprotective role of this amino acid^[8].

3.2.5  L-Methionine is responsible for METHYLATION PROCESSES

L-Methionine participates in methylation processes through its conversion into S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe). 

SAMe is a naturally occurring compound formed when the amino acid methionine binds to an ATP molecule. It is present in nearly every cell of the body, playing a vital role in methylation processes that regulate gene expression, neurotransmitter synthesis, and other metabolic functions. 

SAMe acts as a universal methyl group donor. During this process, the methyl group from SAMe is transferred to various molecules, such as DNA, proteins and lipids, facilitating essential cellular reactions. 

This methyl group transfer helps regulate gene expression, DNA repair and cellular signaling. By donating methyl groups, SAMe derived from L-Methionine supports the maintenance of DNA stability, neurotransmitter synthesis, and various metabolic pathways vital for overall health and proper bodily function.

SAMe is also known for helping with joint health and mobility and it is often used in cases of depression and anxiety. However, if you are taking prescription antidepressant medications, consult your physician before using this product. Individual with bipolar (manic) depression should not use this product unless under medical supervision^[9].

3.2.6  L-Methionine helps in FAT METABOLISM

L-Methionine helps in fat metabolism via its metabolite, SAMe. SAMe plays a significant role in transferring methyl groups to various substrates, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. 

This process of methylation is essential for regulating enzymes that control lipid metabolism. For example, SAMe is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), a key component in lipid transport and metabolism. This happens through methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. 

The methylation processes facilitated by SAMe can activate or deactivate specific enzymes that influence both the synthesis and breakdown of lipids. This regulation helps maintain balanced levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the body, which are critical for energy production and storage.

Lecithin is crucial for emulsifying and breaking down fats in the liver. It helps prevent fat accumulation and supports the liver’s ability to process and clear excess lipids. This function is essential for preventing conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Phosphatidylcholine is a key component of bile, aiding in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the intestines. This role ensures efficient fat digestion and uptake of fat-soluble vitamins.

SAMe’s involvement in these biochemical pathways supports the breakdown of fatty acids into smaller units that can be used by cells for energy production (beta-oxidation). 

Effective fat metabolism supported by phosphatidylcholine helps maintain energy balance, supports weight management, and prevents lipid disorders.

3.2.7  L-Methionine supports BRAIN HEALTH and MOOD ENHANCEMENT

SAM-e is essential for neuroplasticity, where it supports the formation of myelin to insulate and protect axons, while also enhancing the fluidity of brain cell membranes. This improvement in membrane flexibility boosts the performance of neuroreceptors.

In terms of neurotransmitter production, SAM-e is involved in the synthesis of important chemicals like acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This function helps regulate mood, manage behavior, and foster emotional balance.

As a neuroprotectant, SAM-e contributes to the generation of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant, through transsulfuration. It stabilizes cell membranes and aids in bile secretion. Additionally, SAM-e undergoes aminopropylation to form methylthioadenosine, an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects.

SAM-e increases the number of muscarinic receptors in key brain areas, especially the hippocampus, supporting cellular communication. The brain has two types of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors: nicotinic and muscarinic, both vital for cognitive function.

Muscarinic receptors function through a unique mechanism, distinct from other receptors. Supplementing with L-Methionine or SAM-e can enhance muscarinic receptors in the brain, boosting neuroplasticity and improving learning, memory, mood, and sensory functions like smell and vision^[10].

Yes, we are talking here about the same feedback loop that we have previously exposed: the brain is able to accurately receive and process the information that arrives at this center and to respond properly. This way, L-Methionine facilitates the information transfer not only in the brain, but also in conscience.

3.2.8  L-Methionine may help reduce INFLAMMATION and PAIN

L-Methionine may also help in inflammation and pain via its most known and studied metabolite.

SAM-e is also a powerful pain reliever. In a study on 56 people with knee arthritis, one group was given the COX-2 inhibitor Celebrex, while the other received SAM-e for 16 weeks. The results showed that SAM-e was as effective as Celebrex in reducing pain, but without the potential risks of heart attack or stroke that can be associated with Celebrex use^[11].

3.2.9  L-Methionine helps maintain CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

We already know that L-Methionine is involved in fat metabolism and in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). Lecithin is a major component of lipoproteins, such as very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), known as “the bad cholesterol”, but this is when it is too much in the blood. VLDL transports triglycerides and cholesterol through the bloodstream. This ensures that fats are efficiently mobilized and delivered to tissues for energy production or storage. 

Lecithin also contributes to the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as “good cholesterol.” HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for excretion, reducing the risk of plaque buildup in arteries and cardiovascular disease.

These mechanisms, coupled with the antioxidant effect, makes L-Methionine useful for the cardiovascular system.

4.   MEDICAL USES for L-Methionine

Although this article is not about medical advice of any kind, although the purpose of this article is in educating the people towards a healthy lifestyle, which naturally prevents disease, we cannot ignore the fact that nutrients like L-Methionine and the others have been discovered to have some medical uses. L-Methionine, the natural form of the amino acid lysine, has several recognized therapeutic applications. These are the main ones: 

4.1.     L-Methionine in DEPRESSION, ANXIETY & STRESS

L-Methionine is commonly used as a dietary supplement to manage depression. L-methionine is converted in the body to SAMe^[12], which has antidepressant properties, by being an important methyl donor involved in numerous biochemical reactions, including those in the brain. 

Researchers found that high homocysteine levels could be linked to depression, particularly when caused by folate deficiency, issues with methylation (SAM-e), or problems with neurotransmitter metabolism. They suggested that treating depression with vitamin supplements (B6, b12 and folate) or SAM-e could be beneficial^[13].

SAMe is involved in the synthesis and breakdown of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are crucial for stabilizing mood and enhancing feelings of well-being and pleasure.

SAMe also supports the methylation of membrane phospholipids, which can modulate the fluidity of cell membranes and influence neurotransmitter receptor function. This enhances the efficacy of neurotransmission.

Compared to some antidepressant medications, SAMe has been reported to have fewer adverse effects, making it a safer option for some individuals seeking to manage depression naturally. While antidepressants often take 6 to 8 weeks to show effects, SAM-e may provide benefits more rapidly^[14].

Studies mapped the brain using EEG-ERP technology: an event-related potential (ERP) using electroencephalography (EEG). This study identified SAMe as an antidepressant^[15].  Other researches revealed that SAMe monotherapyshould be considered as a treatment option for patients with depression^[16]. 

To cope with stress, your brain adjusts the activity of “immediate-early genes” in the hippocampus, a region important for learning and memory. Stress triggers epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, which reduces the activity of these genes. 

SAM-e supports this process by acting as a methyl donor for the enzyme that modifies DNA. When SAM-e levels are adequate, stress doesn’t cause DNA de-methylation. Instead, it promotes gene methylation, reducing their activity and helping your brain adapt to stress more effectively^[17].

4.2.     L-Methionine in FIBROMYALGIA

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain, tenderness, fatigue, sleep problems, and issues like “brain fog”. Other symptoms can include headaches, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and anxiety or depression. 

The exact cause isn’t fully understood but may involve how the brain processes pain, genetics, and triggers like stress or injury. Diagnosis is based on symptoms lasting at least three months and ruling out other conditions. 

While there’s no cure, some treatments, physical therapy, stress management, and regular exercise can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

SAM-e has been found to be both effective and safe for managing fibromyalgia. It offers a promising treatment option for reducing pain and improving overall well-being in individuals with this condition^[18].

The mechanism through which L-Methionine or SAM-e is able to help in fibromyalgia is probably that of the feedback loop. By improving this mechanism, it is possible for the brain to process more accurately the signals from the body, including pain, and to manage them properly.

4.3.     L-Methionine in LIVER DISEASE

SAMe helps in liver disease^[19]. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is no longer seen just as a methyl donor but also as an important metabolite that regulates liver cell growth, death, and development. More studies are needed to understand the full metabolism, but, so far, it is known that SAMe deficiency and improper metabolism are associated with liver disease.

A methionine-deficient diet is often used to create models of chronic liver disease (CLD). Changes in key enzymes involved in methionine metabolism are strongly linked to fibrosis and liver cancer. Recently, methionine supplementation has gained attention from clinical researchers, with most agreeing that proper methionine levels can help reduce liver damage^[20].

4.4.     L-Methionine in ACETAMENOPHEN POISONING

Standard treatment of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) overdose is acetyl cysteine (NAC). Ingestion of less than 75 mg/kg is unlikely to lead to hepatotoxicity. However, there are cases of hepatotoxicity with therapeutic doses of paracetamol.

Hepatotoxicity appears due to the fact that paracetamol is firstly metabolized in the liver and it is perceived by the body as a toxic substance, even if it has some beneficial effects in some health conditions. 

By being a toxic substance, it consumes the glutathione reserves in the liver, and, in overdose cases, the liver cannot regenerate the glutathione levels as fast as they are consumed, eventually leading to organ failure. NAC, by being a precursor to glutathione, is administered to spare and regenerate the glutathione deposits.

Now we know that L-Methionine is a glutathione precursor as well. Some studies say that methionine compared with usual care Methionine may be more effective at reducing hepatotoxicity in people with paracetamol poisoning^[21].

Others say that intravenous acetyl cysteine is more effective than methionine at preventing liver damage in patients after paracetamol overdose^[22]. 

What is pretty obvious is that even oral L-Methionine is helpful in cases of paracetamol poisoning.

4.5.     L-Methionine in CANCER

L-Methionine has been proven to have beneficial effects in reducing the growth of cancer cells^[23]. This is most probably related to its antioxidant effects, but might as well be related to the gene expression regulation. 

There have been some beneficial effects in liver cancer^[24], colorectal cancer^[25] and pancreatic cancer^[26].

However, this is a wide and complex area and more studies need to be made in order to consider L-Methionine as part of the treatment.

4.6.     L-Methionine in BIRTH DEFECTS

We know by bow that L-Methionine is very important in protein synthesis, more specifically in starting the protein synthesis. This important role makes L-Metionine indispensable for normal growth and development.

L-Methionine has been studied and has been proven to be beneficial in cases of neural tube defects, like anencephaly or spina bifida^[27] [28], birth defects where the skull or spine and spinal cord don’t form properly, leading to varying degrees of physical and neurological challenges depending on the severity.

Women who consumed more than 1.34 g/day of methionine (above the lowest intake levels) had a 30–40% lower risk of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects, including anencephaly and spina bifida^[29].

4.7.     L-Methionine for URINE ACIDITY

L-Methionine is found together with D-Methionine in drug called Racemethionine. This drug is often used for its property to acidify the urine^[30]. 

Body liquids have a certain specific pH. It is 7.35-7.45 for the blood. The normal urine pH typically ranges from 4.5 to 8.0, with an average value around 6.0. In normal conditions, the body manages to regulate the blood’s and the urine’s pH, which usually are related: when one rises, the other rises and vice versa. 

However, when the body’s compensatory mechanisms cease, external solutions for balancing the pH levels are required. For increasing urine’s acidity, Racemetionine is one option.

4.8.     L-Methionine in HAIR, NAILS & SKIN HEALTH

Last, but not least, L-Methionine contributes to the maintenance of the healthy structure of hair, nails and skin. It also prevents hair loss and degradation. 

So, when the rest of the body is well, let’s not ignore the importance of beauty in our lives. We all know how stress can influence our appearance! The hair and the nails are an outside reflection of how we process the stress internally. 

Do not ignore the signs and give the body all the nutrients it needs in order to be capable of processing all the life situations we go through.

Together with L-Cysteine, L-Methionine helps improve the conditions of hair and nails. They help support the hair’s vitality, strength, growth and shine and help fragile nails^[31]. 

The beauty industry knows these benefits and uses these two amino acids as ingredients in supplements known as “nutricosmetics” or “nutraceuticals” for beautiful skin, hair and nails. 

A case of an 8-year-old girl with brittle, short and sparse hair, had a normal Cystine content but is completely out of Methionine. This led to the question if the lack of Methionine is responsible for this hair condition. It is well known that Cysteine is synthesized from Methionine, but not vice-versa. So even if Cysteine as an antioxidant is in normal levels, Methionine has to be taken from somewhere…

Studies show that, when knowing the mechanisms of oxidative stress, hair greying could be, at least temporarily, reversible^[32] and methionine metabolism is involved in both graying and coloring hair^[33].

While L-Methionine has shown promise in these areas, larger and more high-quality research is needed to establish its effectiveness and determine optimal dosages. Please consult with a healthcare professional before starting L-Methionine supplementation.

5.   L-Methionine – KEY ELEMENTS

5.1.      The Source – WHY is our L-Methionine no.1 in the world?

• THE SOURCE of the supplement. Thot L-Methionine is pure, with the least possible additives and the label matching the actual product.
• Thot L-Methionine is manufactured by the best producers in the world: we bring Japan’s quality to you. with 
• Instant absorption and utilization. No digestion needed (just dissolving) and no metabolizing needed (already folded properly).
• Thot L-Methionine is soluble; very easily absorbed and used by the body. 
• Thot L-Methionine is orthomolecular. This means it is properly folded to the left, without putting pressure on the liver to transform it before usage.
• Thot L-Methionine is plant-based. Thot Nutrition understands the natural life chain. All 9 essential amino acids are extracted through biosynthesis, directly from plants, just as grass-fed animals do it for us, BUT avoiding all the unnecessary effects of meat consumption. Pure, optimized and carefully formulated by Bralgei Shackry(www.bralgei.com ).
• Thot L-Methionine has a very low molecule. It can get to places other amino acid products cannot.
• In addition to that, our L-Methionine is high density, so you have more molecules per dose than all the products currently available on the market.

Test Japan’s quality via our state of art products. 

YOU deserve the best.

5.2.      L-Methionine – the “go-to” amino acid for REGENERATION

To sum up all of the above (which, let’s face it… it’s something worth considering!!!), you now know that L-Methionine is good for 

anti-aging and regeneration

for your mood and brain health

for your liver & your pancreas

your normal development and recovery and…

last but not least: for your beautiful hair and nails; this fundamental supplement is also aiming to boost your confidencewhen going out into the wild, wild world…

We bring to you Thot L-Methionine – the best methionine in the world!

6.   L-Methionine – RECOMMENDATION & POSOLOGY

6.1.      Doses

According to EFSA (European Food Safety Administration)^[34], L-Methionine supplements are reported as safe for administration. The recommended daily intake of L-Methionine can vary depending on a person’s age, sex, weight, and activity level. 

L-Methionine supplements are usually available in capsules and tablets. The dosage can vary depending on the individual’s needs and goals. According to EFSA, the daily required dosage for adults is 10.4 mg/kg/day. This is equivalent to 624 mg/day for 60 kg bodyweight and 832 mg/day for 80 kg bodyweight.

Some researchers suggest that people should consider taking double the recommended amount because the studies used to set the current intake have certain limitations. Older adults often have low methionine intake, and research suggests they may need 2 to 3 grams per day for optimal health^[35].

L-Methionine restriction may lead to bone-related disorders, stunted growth, and hyperhomocysteinemia, proper dietary supplementation of methionine improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and bone health^[36]. 

Studies show that in relatively healthy adult people, amino acids are generally well tolerated. The upper intake levels for methionine^[37] (maximum dose) are as follows:

• the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) is 3.2 g/day
• the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) is 6.4 g/day  

We recommend sticking to the lower value, if ever needed this much 

6.2.      Toxicity

Too much methionine can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, but only in the cases of Vitamin B12 deficiency, a vitamin that can naturally downregulate high levels of homocysteine. Too much homocysteine can reduce body weight, and increased cholesterol levels. 

In case you are MTHFR deficient (see Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency), make sure you take Vitamin B12 in a methylated form.

Some sources say it can become toxic when ingested in more than 4% of the protein^[38]. However, increasing intake by up to 100% doesn’t seem to impact homocysteine levels in healthy adults who don’t have vitamin deficiencies^[39]. 

SAMe is a methyl donor in almost all known biological methylations. When SAMe loses its methyl group, it forms homocysteine. With adequate vitamin B12, B6, folate, and trimethylglycine (TMG, betaine), the body can convert homocysteine to glutathione or remethylate it to methionine^[40]. 

It is important to understand that, for every nutrient, the body has extraordinary compensatory mechanisms to prevent the augmented effects of the excess nutrient. This does not mean we should abuse and stress our body needlessly. 

You need to understand that there is almost always a solution to ease or prevent unwanted situation. In this particular care, the addition of B6, B12 & folate helps in preventing the unwanted effect: homocysteine accumulation.

It is also possible that caffeine could prevent the negative effects of homocysteine accumulation in the brain due to its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects^[41].

If these last two processes don’t take place, homocysteine accumulates in the body, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. This is important to cardiovascular health, as hypomethylation together with hyperhomocysteinemia is responsible for lipid accumulation in tissues. 

Decreased methyl groups will mess with the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine^[42], responsible for synthesis and transport of HDL – “the good cholesterol”, and for supporting the liver to metabolize fats efficiently, preventing fat accumulation and reducing the production of LDL – “the bad cholesterol”. 

Homocysteine is also known to negatively affect the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, leading to changes in the structure and function of the arteries. However, homocysteine can be influenced by diet and exercise^[43]. And don’t forget about the B vitamins!

In healthy adults, 8 grams of L-methionine daily for four days lowered folate levels in the blood and increased white blood cell count. A daily dose of 13.9 grams for five days led to changes in blood pH, potassium levels, and increased calcium in the urine. 

In people with schizophrenia, taking 10 to 20 grams daily for two weeks caused symptoms of psychosis. In patients with liver cirrhosis, a single 8-gram dose triggered symptoms of encephalopathy (a type of brain dysfunction)^[44]. Combining Methionine with Levodopa may reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa therapy.

These above are very large doses of L-Methionine. Taking L-Methionine can be very helpful and/or very tricky when not taking into consideration all the data. We recommend working with a specialist. Meanwhile, please consult our tables below.

Recommended doses for essential amino acids infants, children and adolescents (WHO/FAO/UNU, 2007)

*L-Methionine is more effectively used if taken on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes away from meals or snacks. It does not require digestion, only dissolution. It has a very small size and is absorbed directly into the blood, is orthomolecular and does not require metabolism, being ready for use. **Essential amino acids have NO contraindications when used properly and L-Methionine is recognized at European level by EFSA as safe for administration. At very high doses (above 6 g/day), health imbalances may occur. The body does not produce them, they need to be taken from the outside and we need them all our lives. L-Methionine is an essential amino acid. For other recommendations, consult your doctor or therapist.

Now you know… You know almost all there is to know, for now, about L-Methionine. We do remind you that this is only one key element in the regeneration process, but a crucial one! In order to have the best results, we recommend you to contact a highly experienced nutrition specialist. This way you know from the very beginning what is the best strategy for your body’s regeneration and you will save a lot of time – the most precious resource we have.

Thank you very much for reading this article and for enjoying our products!

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us at: office@thotnutrition.com

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^[18] Tavoni A, Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Pasero G. Evaluation of S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. A double-blind crossover study. Am J Med. 1987 Nov 20;83(5A):107-10. 

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^[22] Alsalim W, Fadel M. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Oral methionine compared with intravenous n-acetyl cysteine for paracetamol overdose. Emerg Med J. 2003 Jul;20(4):366-7.

^[23] Wanders D, Hobson K, Ji X. Methionine restriction and cancer biology. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):684.

^[24] Tripodi F, Badone B, Vescovi M, et al. Methionine supplementation affects metabolism and reduces tumor aggressiveness in liver cancer cells. Cells. 2020;9(11):2491.

^[25] Kune G, Watson L. Colorectal cancer protective effects and the dietary micronutrients folate, methionine, vitamins B6, B12, C, E, selenium, and lycopene. Nutr Cancer. 2006;56(1):11-21.

^[26] Benavides MA, et al. L-Methionine inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2014 Feb;25(2):200-3.

^[27] Sadhukhan S, Maity S, Chakraborty S, et al. Molecular insight into the effect of a single-nucleotide polymorphic variation on the structure and dynamics of methionine synthase reductase and its association with neural tube defects. ACS Omega. 2021;6(40):26372-26380.

^[28] Graham A, Brender JD, Sharkey JR, et al. Dietary methionine intake and neural tube defects in Mexican-American women. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2010;88(6):451-457.

^[29] Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

^[30] Mayo Clinic – Methionine (oral route).

^[31] EFSA – Food and Feed Information Portal Database – L-Methionine / Methionine

^[32] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8219384/

^[33] Schallreuter KU, Salem MM, Hasse S, Rokos H. The redox–biochemistry of human hair pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2011 Feb;24(1):51-62. 

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^[37] Elango R. Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Individual Amino Acids in Humans: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Studies. Adv Nutr. 2023 Jul;14(4):885-894.

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^[39] Ward M, McNulty H, Pentieva K, McPartlin J, Strain JJ, Weir DG, Scott JM. Fluctuations in dietary methionine intake do not alter plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy men. J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2653-7.

^[40] Chao CL, Chien KL, Lee YT. Effect of short-term vitamin (folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) administration on endothelial dysfunction induced by post-methionine load hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Dec 1;84(11):1359-61, A8. 

^[41] Alzoubi, K.H., Mhaidat, N.M., Obaid, E.A. et al. Caffeine Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Hyperhomocysteinemia. J Mol Neurosci 66, 222–228 (2018).

^[42] R. Jaffe. Cardioprotective Nutrients. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease, 2013.

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^[44] DrugBank Online – Methionine